06
2025
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08
What are the types of electric motors?
Author:
Motor types can be classified primarily according to dimensions such as the operating power supply, structural principles, operational characteristics, and application fields. The core categories include DC motors, AC motors (including synchronous and asynchronous motors), and control motors.
Classified by working power supply type
DC motor
Driven by direct current, it features a complex structure yet precise speed regulation, and includes:
Brushed DC motor (permanent magnet, electromagnetic type).
Brushless DC motor (BLDC, electronic commutation, long lifespan).
AC motor
Driven by AC power, covering both industrial and household applications, it is divided into:
Synchronous motor (whose speed is synchronized with the power supply frequency, such as a permanent-magnet synchronous motor).
Asynchronous motor (the rotor speed is slightly lower than the magnetic field speed, such as an induction motor).
Classified by Structure and Working Principle
DC motor: Uses a commutator to achieve mechanical commutation, making it suitable for applications requiring precise speed control.
Synchronous motor: The rotor rotates in synchronization with the magnetic field, and is used in high-precision control and power generation applications.
Asynchronous motors: with a simple and durable structure, they dominate industrial applications.
Stepper motor: Controls angular displacement based on pulse signals and is suitable for CNC equipment.
Classified by Function and Use
Drive motor
General-purpose: such as three-phase induction motors for household appliances and single-phase series-wound motors for power tools.
Dedicated types: such as permanent-magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles and variable-frequency speed-control motors for industrial conveyor belts.
Control motor
Servo motor: Closed-loop control, used in robots and automated equipment.
Torque motor: Low speed, high torque—drives the load directly.
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